What process is used for altering or correcting mutations in genes?

• A. Genetic screening
• B. Cloning
• C. Gene therapy
• D. DNA editing

Answer: (C)

The process used for altering or correcting mutations in genes is gene therapy. This method involves introducing, removing, or altering genetic material within a person's cells to treat or prevent disease. Gene therapy aims to address the underlying cause of genetic disorders by repairing or replacing defective genes, thereby restoring normal function.

In gene therapy, various techniques such as the use of viral vectors to deliver corrected genes into cells or the direct modification of genetic material are employed. This allows for the potential treatment of conditions caused by mutations in specific genes, showcasing its transformative capacity in the field of medicine.

Other processes, such as genetic screening, are utilized to identify the presence of genetic disorders but do not involve correcting mutations. Cloning refers to creating a genetic copy of an organism, which is distinct from directly correcting genetic mutations. DNA editing, such as CRISPR technology, can involve alteration at specific sites within the genome but is not specifically focused on treating genetic disorders through therapeutic means like gene therapy.